Strengthen core technology research and promote hi

Miao Wei: strengthen core technology research, promote high-quality development of manufacturing industry

since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has made remarkable achievements in industrialization and informatization development, made remarkable progress in industrial transformation and upgrading, and greatly improved its comprehensive strength and international competitiveness. However, China's manufacturing industry is large but not strong, and the lack of key core technologies in many fields has not fundamentally changed. p>

first, strengthening core technology research is the fundamental requirement for the high-quality development of manufacturing industry

today's world is in a period of great development, great change and great adjustment, and profound and complex changes have taken place in the situation at home and abroad. China's economy has shifted from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development. It is increasingly urgent to change the mode of development, optimize the economic structure and change the driving force of growth. At the same time, global scientific and technological innovation is unprecedentedly intensive and active. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform has accelerated the reconstruction of the global innovation landscape and the reconstruction of the global economic structure. The competition among countries around core technologies in key areas is becoming increasingly fierce

strengthening core technology research is the only way for industrial transformation and upgrading. International experience shows that the manufacturing industry to move towards the middle and high-end, basically depends on the innovation and breakthrough of core technology. Since the 20th century, the fundamental reason why the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries have maintained the status of manufacturing power for a long time is that they have always been leading in the core technology in key fields such as equipment, materials, information, biology and so on. After long-term unremitting efforts, China has become a global manufacturing power, but it is still far from a manufacturing power. The crux lies in the insufficient accumulation of core technology, which seriously restricts the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. The reason why China can achieve rapid development in the fields of communication equipment, high-speed rail, nuclear power and so on is to focus on core technology and constantly carry out research and development. Taking mobile communication as an example, in the 2G era, Chinese enterprises hardly master core technologies and can only follow passively; In the 3G era, TD-SCDMA proposed by China has become an important international standard and achieved a major breakthrough in core technology from scratch; In the 4G era, TD-LTE launched in China has become one of the two major mainstream standards in the world, and has basically achieved the same pace with foreign enterprises

strengthening core technology research is an important starting point for the transformation of new and old kinetic energy. Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, global economic growth has continued to be sluggish, and finding new drivers of economic development has become a common challenge for all countries in the world. New kinetic energy first comes from the cultivation and development of emerging industries, which are usually the direct result of key core technology breakthroughs, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and large-scale business. After the oil crisis in the mid-1970s, the United States accelerated the innovation and breakthrough of information and communication technology. By the 1990s, it had achieved the information technology revolution and the rise of the "new economy", took the lead in coming out of the trough and reopened the distance with other countries. At present, artificial intelligence, quantum communication, IOT, blockchain, new materials and other fields show signs of revolutionary breakthroughs, which may lead to collective and systematic breakthroughs in several fields. The world is entering a critical F100 engine nozzle and combustion chamber nozzle period for the breeding and development of emerging industries. We must seize the rare historical opportunity to stimulate and cultivate emerging industries with the innovation and breakthrough of core technology. At the same time, the new momentum also comes from the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. In order to win market competition and revitalize traditional industries, we must significantly improve labor productivity and product added value by strengthening the high-end transformation of key technologies and advanced processes and the innovation of relevant processes, products and models, and constantly move forward to the medium and high-end level

strengthening core technology research is a key measure to ensure industrial safety. Developed countries have implemented export controls on some key technologies and core products. China's integrated circuits, basic software, interconnection, high-end production equipment, new materials and other fields have potential industrial safety risks. The relevant manufacturing industry is not only facing the dilemma of low-end locking, but also the safety of the industrial chain and supply chain can not be guaranteed. For example, in infrastructure and information systems related to the national economy and the people's livelihood, imported chips, software and control systems are widely used. Once they are "stuck", it is difficult to ensure the safe and stable operation of equipment and systems. For the national defense science and technology industry, core technologies cannot be bought. To break through the "bottleneck" restricting the development of weapons and equipment, we must make great efforts to break through key core technologies

second, the core technological innovation breakthrough should solve the main constraints in four aspects

China is still a developing country. Compared with the leading industrialized countries, China's modern industry started late, accumulated less and had a weak foundation. Since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening up, after several generations of unremitting efforts, China has developed into a manufacturing power with global influence, and has basically solved the problem of "yes or no". Now it is urgent to solve the problem of "good or bad". In order to truly embark on the road of high-quality development, China's manufacturing industry must seize the "bull nose" of tackling key problems in core technology, speed up the supply side structural reform, fill in weaknesses, strengths and weaknesses, fill in gaps, and continue to promote technological innovation and industrial innovation. Over the years, we have also made a lot of efforts in tackling key problems in core technology, but seriously summed up, we still face many constraints

first, basic research support is insufficient. Basic research is the source of leading innovation and development, the driving force of building a manufacturing power, and plays a fundamental role in promoting the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. In recent years, China has continued to increase investment in basic research, but the original innovation ability is still weak, and the shortcomings of basic research are still obvious. Among them, low willingness, low investment and weak ability of enterprise basic research are the important reasons. Chinese enterprises' R & D expenditure accounts for nearly 80% of the total social R & D expenditure, but it is mainly used for applied technology R & D. Statistics in the past decade show that Chinese enterprises' investment in basic research accounts for only 0.1% of enterprises' R & D investment, accounting for 1.5% of the total national basic research investment, while the basic research funds of enterprises in the United States, Japan and the European Union account for about 20% of the total basic research funds. The low ability and level of basic research has led to insufficient motivation, slow progress and poor results in tackling key core technologies in the manufacturing industry

second, the supply of key common technologies is insufficient. The key generic technology has the characteristics of foundation, relevance, systematicness and openness. It is a pre competitive technology, which can be widely used in many industries and have a deep impact. Strengthening the research on key generic technologies is usually the core content of technological innovation policies in various countries. At present, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap in the research of key common technologies in China and the requirements of high-quality development of manufacturing industry. The diversified R & D and innovation system of key common technologies has not been established, the organizational mechanism is not perfect, the policy support is not coherent, the investment is insufficient, the platform operation is not ideal, and the mechanism of achievement sharing, promotion and application needs to be improved

third, the collaborative innovation of industry, University, research and application is not in place. Collaborative innovation between industry, University, research and application can accelerate technological breakthroughs and industrial changes, and it is also an important path to promote the high-quality development of manufacturing industry. With the increasingly refined industrial division of labor and the accelerated application of information technology, the relationship between all links of the innovation chain has become closer. Collaborative innovation among enterprises, universities, research institutions and users has increasingly become the norm, and plays a great role in shortening the R & D cycle, reducing the R & D cost and accelerating the entry of new products into the market. For a long time, the collaborative innovation and deep integration of industry, University, research and application in China are insufficient, the R & D and innovation activities of scientific research institutions and universities are insufficient to face the main battlefield of the national economy, the dominant position of enterprise innovation is still not prominent, and a large number of innovative achievements remain in the stage of papers and patents, and have not been transformed into real productivity. Coupled with the lagging development of the technology market, universities and scientific research institutions are more inclined to set up their own companies for the transformation of achievements, rather than transfer them to relevant enterprises for promotion and application, which has an impact on the driving role of industrial development

fourth, the restriction of innovative talents is becoming increasingly prominent. China is rich in labor resources and talent team, but there is still a shortage of high-end talents, especially innovative talents engaged in research and development of core technologies. Affected by the crowding out effect and siphon effect of finance, real estate and other industries, high-end R & D talents and highly skilled talents have flowed out of the manufacturing industry, which has a great impact on the upgrading of quality and efficiency of the manufacturing industry. According to the annual employment quality report issued by relevant colleges and universities, the financial industry is the preferred employment industry for graduates of famous colleges and universities. In practice, there is a large gap of high-end R & D talents in the manufacturing industry, which further raises the labor cost of R & D activities and inhibits the motivation and ability of enterprises to carry out research and development of core technologies

third, accurately grasp and grasp the policy focus of promoting core technology research

to solve the problem of the weakness of core technology in China's manufacturing industry, the key is to give play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and better play the role of the government. We should adhere to the combination of basing ourselves on the present and focusing on the long term, focus on the key links of the industrial chain, and guide enterprises to strengthen research and development, application and promotion with key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovation as a breakthrough; Adhere to the combination of integrating into the global industrial chain and improving the ability of independent innovation, deepen international exchanges and cooperation, actively use global innovation resources, and promote technological innovation at a higher starting point; Adhere to the combination of market mechanism and the role of the government, give play to the decisive role of the market in the direction of technology research and development, route selection and the allocation of various innovative elements, strengthen the national strategic guidance, guide innovative elements to invest more in core technology research, and vigorously create a tensile strength market environment of fair competition

establish and improve the supporting system of basic research. We should give more prominence to improving the original innovation ability, further strengthen the forward-looking deployment of basic research, and promote the effective docking of innovation elements in different fields. We should innovate government management methods and guide innovative leading enterprises with outstanding technological capabilities to strengthen basic research. We will increase the stable support of the central government for basic research, improve the operation mechanism of technological innovation funds, and guide local, enterprise, and social forces to increase investment in basic research. Strengthen the construction of innovation capacity of transformed scientific research institutions, guide qualified institutions to focus more on scientific cutting-edge and applied basic research, and create a primitive innovation highland leading the development of the industry. Continue to improve the classification and evaluation mechanism with innovation quality and academic contribution as the core, and provide the necessary conditions for researchers engaged in basic research to "do only one thing in their life"

establish and improve the manufacturing innovation system. According to the idea of "one clear, four prominent", it is clear to face the line